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Introduction

In construction, home decoration and many industrial fields, paints and coatings play an indispensable role. From the carved beams of ancient buildings to the fashionable walls of modern homes, from the bright color of car shells to the anti-rust protection of bridge steel, paints and coatings continue to meet the increasingly diverse needs of people with their colorful types and functions. With the continuous development of science and technology, the types of paints and coatings are increasingly diverse, and the performance is more and more optimized.

1, the diverse classification of paint coatings

(1) Divided by parts
Paint is mainly divided into wall paint, wood paint and metal paint. Wall paint is mainly latex paint and other varieties, used for indoor and external wall decoration, which can provide beautiful color and certain protection for the wall. Exterior wall paint has strong water resistance, suitable for building exterior wall; Interior wall paint construction is convenient, safe, often used for indoor wall decoration. Wood lacquer mainly has nitro paint, polyurethane paint and so on. Nitro varnish is a transparent paint, a volatile paint, with fast drying, soft luster characteristics, divided into light, semi-matte and matte three, suitable for wood, furniture, etc., but susceptible to moisture and heat affected objects should not be used. Polyurethane paint film is strong, shiny and full, strong adhesion, water resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, is widely used in high-grade wood furniture and metal surface. Metal paint is mainly enamel, suitable for metal screen mesh, etc., the coating is magneto-optical color after drying.

(2) Divided by state

Paint is divided into water-based paint and oil-based paint. Latex paint is the main water-based paint, with water as diluent, convenient construction, safety, washable, good air permeability, can be prepared according to different color scheme different colors. The nitrate paint, polyurethane paint and so on are mostly oil-based paint, oil-based paint is characterized by a relatively slow drying speed, but in some aspects has good performance, such as higher hardness.

(3) Divided by function

The paint can be divided into waterproof paint, fireproof paint, anti-mildew paint, anti-mosquito paint and multi-functional paint. Waterproof paint is mainly used in areas that need to be waterproof, such as bathrooms, kitchens, etc. Fire retardant paint can play a role in fire prevention to a certain extent, suitable for places with high fire protection requirements; Anti-mildew paint can prevent mold growth, often used in humid environments; Mosquito repellent paint has the effect of repelling mosquitoes and is suitable for use in summer. Multifunctional paint is a collection of a variety of functions, to provide more convenience for users.

(4) Divided according to the form of action

Volatile paint in the drying process will evaporate solvents, drying speed is relatively fast, but may cause some pollution to the environment. Non-volatile paint is less volatile in the drying process, relatively environmentally friendly, but the drying time may be longer. Volatile paint is suitable for scenes that require rapid drying, such as the repair of some small furniture; Non-volatile paint is suitable for places with high environmental protection requirements, such as home decoration.

(5) Divided by surface effect

Transparent paint is a transparent paint without pigment, mainly used to show the natural texture of wood, such as varnish is often used in wood, furniture and so on. Translucent paint can partially reveal the color and texture of the substrate, creating a unique decorative effect. Opaque paint completely covers the color and texture of the substrate, and can be decorated in different colors according to needs, with a wide range of applications, such as walls, metal surfaces and so on.

2, common 10 types of paint coating characteristics

(1) Acrylic latex paint

Acrylic latex paint is generally composed of acrylic emulsion, makeup filler, water and additives. It has the advantages of moderate cost, good weather resistance, good performance adjustment and no organic solvent release. According to the different production raw materials can be divided into pure C, benzene C, silicone C, vinegar C and other varieties. According to the luster effect of decoration is divided into no light, matte, mercerization and light and other types. It is mainly used for interior and exterior wall painting of buildings, leather painting, etc. Recently, there have been new varieties of wood latex paint and self-crosslinked latex paint.

(2) Solvent-based acrylic paint

Solvent-based acrylic paint can be divided into self-drying acrylic paint (thermoplastic type) and cross-linked curing acrylic paint (thermosetting type). Self-drying acrylic coatings are mainly used in architectural coatings, plastic coatings, electronic coatings, road marking coatings, etc., with the advantages of rapid surface drying, easy construction, protection and decoration. However, the solid content is not easy to be too high, the hardness and elasticity are not easy to take into account, a construction can not get a very thick film, and the fullness of the film is not ideal. Crosslinked curing acrylic coatings are mainly acrylic amino paint, acrylic polyurethane paint, acrylic acid alkyd paint, radiation curing acrylic paint and other varieties, widely used in automotive paint, electrical paint, wood paint, architectural paint and so on. Crosslinked curing acrylic coatings generally have a high solid content, a coating can get a very thick film, and excellent mechanical properties, can be made into high weather resistance, high fullness, high elasticity, high hardness of the coating. The disadvantage is that the two-component coating, the construction is more troublesome, many varieties also need to heat curing or radiation curing, the environmental conditions are relatively high, generally need better equipment, more skilled painting skills.

(3) Polyurethane paint

Polyurethane coatings are divided into two component polyurethane coatings and one component polyurethane coatings. Two-component polyurethane coatings are generally composed of two parts: isocyanate prepolymer and hydroxyl resin. There are many varieties of this kind of coatings, which can be divided into acrylic polyurethane, alkyd polyurethane, polyester polyurethane, polyether polyurethane, epoxy polyurethane and other varieties according to the different hydroxy-containing components. Generally have good mechanical properties, high solid content, all aspects of performance are better, the main application direction are wood paint, automotive repair paint, anti-corrosion paint, floor paint, electronic paint, special paint and so on. The disadvantage is that the construction process is complex, the construction environment is very demanding, and the paint film is easy to produce defects. Single-component polyurethane coatings are mainly ammonia ester oil coatings, moisture curable polyurethane coatings, sealed polyurethane coatings and other varieties, the application surface is not as wide as two-component coatings, mainly used in floor coatings, anti-corrosion coatings, pre-coil coatings, etc., the overall performance is not as good as two-component coatings.

(4) Nitrocellulose paint

Lacquer is the more common wood and decorated with coatings. The advantages are good decorative effect, simple construction, rapid drying, not high requirements for the painting environment, with good hardness and brightness, not easy to appear paint film defects, easy repair. The disadvantage is that the solid content is low, and more construction channels are needed to achieve better results; Durability is not very good, especially the internal nitrocellulose paint, its light retention is not good, the use of a little longer is prone to such as loss of light, cracking, discoloration and other ills; Paint film protection is not good, not resistant to organic solvents, heat resistance, corrosion resistance. The main film forming material of nitrocellurocelluene is mainly composed of soft and hard resins such as alkyd resin, modified rosin resin, acrylic resin and amino resin. Generally, it is also necessary to add dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl ester, oxidized castor oil and other plasticizers. The main solvents are true solvents such as esters, ketones and alcohol ethers, co-solvents such as alcohols, and diluents such as benzene. Mainly used for wood and furniture painting, home decoration, general decorative painting, metal painting, general cement painting and so on.

(5) Epoxy paint

Epoxy paint refers to the coatings containing more epoxy groups in the composition of epoxy paint, which is generally a two-component coating composed of epoxy resin and curing agent. The advantages are strong adhesion to inorganic materials such as cement and metal; The paint itself is very corrosion-resistant; Excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, impact resistance; Can be made into solvent-free or high solid paint; Resistance to organic solvents, heat and water. The disadvantage is that the weather resistance is not good, the sun irradiation for a long time may appear powder phenomenon, so it can only be used for primer or internal paint; Poor decoration, luster is not easy to maintain; The requirements for construction environment are high, and the film curing is slow at low temperature, so the effect is not good. Many varieties require high temperature curing, and the investment of coating equipment is large. Mainly used for floor coating, automotive primer, metal corrosion protection, chemical corrosion protection and so on.

(6) Amino paint

Amino paint is mainly composed of amino resin components and hydroxyl resin parts. In addition to urea-formaldehyde resin paint (commonly known as acid-cured paint) for wood paint, the main varieties need to be heated to cure, and the curing temperature is generally above 100 ° C, and the curing time is more than 20 minutes. The cured paint film has good performance, hard and full, bright and gorgeous, firm and durable, and has a good decorative and protective effect. The disadvantage is that the requirements for painting equipment are high, the energy consumption is high, and it is not suitable for small production. Mainly used for automotive paint, furniture painting, household appliances painting, all kinds of metal surface painting, instrumentation and industrial equipment painting.

(7) Acid curing coatings

The advantages of acid-cured coatings are hard film, good transparency, good yellowing resistance, high heat resistance, water resistance and cold resistance. However, because the paint contains free formaldehyde, the physical harm to the construction worker is more serious, most enterprises no longer use such products.

(8) Unsaturated polyester paint

Unsaturated polyester paint is divided into two categories: air-dry unsaturated polyester and radiation curing (light curing) unsaturated polyester, which is a kind of coating that has developed rapidly recently.

(9) UV-curable coatings

The advantages of UV-curable coatings are one of the most environmentally friendly paint varieties at present, with high solid content, good hardness, high transparency, excellent yellowing resistance, long activation period, high efficiency and low painting cost. The disadvantage is that it requires large equipment investment, there must be a sufficient amount of supply to meet the production needs, continuous production can reflect its efficiency and cost control, and the effect of roller paint is slightly worse than that of PU top paint products.

(10) Other common paints
In addition to the above common nine types of paint coatings, there are some common paints that are not clearly classified in the document. For example, natural paint, made of natural resin as raw materials, environmental protection, non-toxic, tasteless, wear-resistant and water-resistant, suitable for home, school, hospital and other indoor places of wood products, bamboo products and other surface decoration. Mixed paint is oil-based paint, drying speed, smooth and delicate coating, good water resistance, easy to clean, suitable for home, office and other indoor places such as walls, ceilings and other surface decoration, can also be used for metal, wood and other surface painting. Porcelain paint is a polymer coating, good gloss, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, strong adhesion, divided into solvent and water-based two kinds, widely used in home, school, hospital and other indoor places of wall, ground and other surface decoration.

3, the use of different types of paint coatings

(1) Varnish

Varnish, also known as vari water, is a transparent paint that does not contain pigments. Its main feature is high transparency, which can make the surface of wood, furniture and other items show the original texture, greatly improving the ornamental degree. At the same time, the varnish is free of volatile toxic substances and can be used immediately after drying without waiting for the taste to dissipate. In addition, the leveling of the varnish is good, even if there is paint tears when painting, when painting again, it will dissolve with the addition of new paint, so that the paint is smooth and smooth. Moreover, the varnish has a good anti-ultraviolet effect, which can protect the wood covered by the varnish for a long time, but the ultraviolet light will also make the transparent varnish yellow. However, the hardness of the varnish is not high, it is easy to produce obvious scratches, poor heat resistance, and it is easy to damage the paint film by overheating.

Varnish is mainly suitable for wood, furniture and other scenes, can play the role of moisture-proof, wear-resistant and moth-proof, both protect the furniture and add color.

(2) Clean oil

Clear oil, also known as cooked oil, paint oil, is one of the basic lacquers for decorating doors and Windows, wall skirts, heaters, supporting furniture and so on in home decoration. It is mainly used in wood furniture, etc., which can protect these items, because the clear oil is a transparent paint that does not contain pigments, which can protect the items from the influence of moisture and is not easy to damage.

(3) Enamel

The enamel is made of varnish as the base material, adding pigment and grinding, and the coating is magneto-optical color and hard film after drying. Phenolic enamel and alkyd enamel are commonly used, which are suitable for metal screen mesh. Enamel has the characteristics of high adhesion and high anti-corrosion, which is commonly used in steel structure anti-corrosion primer, wet heat, underwater environment topcoat, galvanized steel components, stainless steel primer, exterior wall sealing primer, etc.

For example, in terms of constructability, enamel is a two-component paint, construction at room temperature, less than 5 ° C should not be constructed, with a maturing stage and application period. In the drying method, the enamel is two-component cross-linked curing, can not use the amount of curing agent to adjust the drying speed, can be used in the environment below 150℃. The enamel can also be used for thicker film thickness, and each coating is airless spray, up to 1000μm. And the enamel can be matched with chlorinated rubber paint, acrylic polyurethane paint, aliphatic polyurethane paint, fluorocarbon paint to form high-performance anticorrosive coating. Its alkali corrosion resistance, salt spray corrosion resistance, solvent resistance, moisture and heat resistance, but poor weather resistance, usually as a primer or indoor equipment, underground equipment with paint. The adhesion of enamel for ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, galvanized steel are relatively excellent, can be used in steel structure, galvanized steel components, glass steel and other coating. Enamel decoration performance is general, mainly alkyd resin, with good luster, weather resistance, water resistance, strong adhesion, can withstand strong changes in climate. Widely used, including metal, wood, all kinds of vehicle mechanical instruments and water steel components ships.

(4) Thick paint

Thick paint is also called lead oil. It is made of pigment and drying oil mixed and ground, need to add fish oil, solvent and other dilution before use. This kind of paint has a soft film, good adhesion to the top paint, strong hiding power, and is the lowest grade of oil-based paint. Thick paint is suitable for finishing construction works or water pipe joints with low requirements. Widely used as a base for wooden objects, can also be used to modulate oil color and putty.

(5) Mixing paint

Mixed paint, also known as mixed paint, is the most commonly used type of paint and belongs to the category of artificial paint. It is mainly made of drying oil and pigment as the base raw materials, so it is called oil-based blended paint. The mixed paint has the characteristics of bright, smooth, delicate and hard film, similar to ceramic or enamel in appearance, rich color and strong adhesion. In order to meet different use needs, different amounts of matting agents can be added to the mixed paint, so as to produce a semi-luminous or matte effect.

The mixed paint is suitable for indoor and outdoor metal, wood, silicon wall surface. In interior decoration, magnetic mixed paint is more popular because of its better decorative effect, harder paint film and bright and smooth characteristics, but the weather resistance is less than oil mixed paint. According to the main resin used in the paint, the mixed paint can be divided into calcium grease mixed paint, ester glue mixed paint, phenolic mixed paint, etc. Good weather resistance and brushing property, suitable for painting wood and metal surfaces such as buildings, tools, farm tools, vehicles, furniture, etc.

(6) anti-rust paint

Anti-rust paint specifically includes zinc yellow, iron red epoxy primer, the paint film is tough and durable, good adhesion. If used with vinyl phosphating primer, it can improve heat resistance, salt spray resistance, and is suitable for metal materials in coastal areas and warm tropics. Anti-rust paint is mainly used to protect metal materials, prevent rust corrosion, and ensure the strength and service life of metal materials.

(7) Alcohol fat, acid paint

Alcohol fat, alkyd paints use organic solvents such as turpentine, pine water, gasoline, acetone, ether and so on smell bad. Special attention should be paid to choosing high-quality products when using, because this type of paint may contain some ingredients that are harmful to human health. After use, timely ventilation can be checked in to reduce the harm to the human body. This type of paint is usually suitable for some scenes that do not require high decorative effects, but need protection.

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